ABSTRACT
As one of the most effective treatments for cancer, radiotherapy(RT)can eliminate the tumor cells and improve the survival rate of cancer patients. However, radiation resistance of tumor cells remarkably reduces the efficacy of RT. Therefore, it is significant to investigate the resistance mechanism and explore corresponding therapy for cancer. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of programmed cell death. Numerous studies have indicated an intimate connection between ferroptosis and tumor radiosensitivity. The mechanism involves lipid reactive oxygen species accumulation, glutathione metabolism and iron metabolism. It has been reported that ferroptosis inducers can act effectively and synergistically with RT, promote radiosensitivity and further improve tumor prognosis. In this article, relevant mechanisms and research progress were reviewed, and the future development direction of this field was discussed, aiming to provide reference for clinical trials and mechanism research of RT for malignant tumors.
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Primary liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma is the main type of primary liver cancer. HCC is insidious and asymptomatic at an early stage, and when clinically relevant, the disease is often in the middle to late stages. As a result, most patients miss out on radical treatment at the time of diagnosis, leading to high recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognosis. At present, there are more and more methods in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Photothermal therapy, as an emerging cancer treatment, has attracted widespread attention due to its minimally invasive, low-cost, high efficiency, low side effects and strong targeting. Research progress of photothermal therapy and its synergistic therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed in this paper, aiming to explore new ideas and strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective : To study the synergistic effect of chemo-photothermal on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Methods ¡¤ High-purity SWCNTs were used as the drug carrier. Firstly, SWCHTs were truncated (shorten SWCNTs, s-SWCNTs) by mixed acid solutions. At the same time, a large amount of -COOH were in-troduced onto the surface of s-SWCNTs. Secondly, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) with amino terminated was successfully modified onto s-SWCNTs through amido linkage in N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride solutions to endow s-SWCNTs with water solubility and biocompatibility. Finally, docetaxel (DTX) was successfully loaded through nano-deposition method and π-π stacking on the surface of s-SWCNTs. Thus a nanosystem with both chemotherapy and photothermal properties was established. The chemo-photothermal therapy synergistic inhibition on CRPC cell line C4-2 in vitro and the anti-tumor effect in vivo were evaluated. Results ¡¤ Fourier transform infrared spectrum and zeta potential test showed that -COOH was successfully introduced onto s-SWCNTs, and the amount of -COOH was 0.412 mol per gram of SWCNTs determined by automatic conduct metric titration. The UV absorption spectrum showed that DTX was successfully loaded onto the nanosystem. By monitoring the UV absorption of the dialysate, DTX could be loaded onto SWCNTs up to 1.35 mg per gram of s-SWCNTs. Under the stimulation of acidic conditions, DTX could be rapidly released from the surface of the nanosystem. The in vitro cell viability and in vivo anti-tumor experiment showed that DTX combined with photothermal had a synergetic effect on killing C4-2 cells than any single treatment model. Conclusion ¡¤ DTX-loaded s-SWCNTs nanosystem with high stability and photothermal effect can inhib-it the growth of CRPC cells and the tumor growth in mice bearing CRPC. The nanosystem with synergistic effect of chemotherapy and photo-thermal therapy could be used in the treatment of prostate cancer which is resistant to chemotherapy drugs.
ABSTRACT
Glucose oxidase is a kind of endogenous oxidoreductase which exi sts wi del y i n organi sm. I n recent years, due to i ts i nherent biocompatibility, low toxicity and unique catalytic effect on betaD-glucose, glucose oxidase has attracted more and more attention in the field of biomedicine. Glucose oxidase can effectively catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Researchers have developed various anticancer therapies based on gl ucose oxi dase usi ng t hi s cat al yt i c propert y: (1) gl ucose consumption provides alternative treatment strategies for cancer starvation; (2) oxygen consumption increases tumor hypoxia, which can be used for tumor hypoxia activation therapy; (3) the production of gluconic acid increases the acidity of tumor microenvironment, which can trigger the release of pH-responsive drugs; (4) the production of hydrogen peroxide increases the oxidative stress level of tumors. Hydrogen peroxide can be converted into toxic hydroxyl radicals by being exposed to light (such as near-infrared light) or fenton reaction, thus killing cancer cells. In addition, glucose oxidase can also be used in combination with other biological enzymes, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, photosensitizers or fenton reagents to produce the multi-mode synergistic anticancer therapies with starvation therapy as the main part, cooperating with hypoxia-activated therapy, oxidation therapy, photodynamic therapy and light therapy, etc. In this review, the glucose oxidase-mediated tumor monotherapy is firstly introduced, and the multi-mode synergistic anti-cancer therapy mediated by glucose oxidase as well as its specific anti-tumor mechanism are systematically elaborated.
ABSTRACT
Ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles combined with low frequency ultrasound named as low-frequency ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technology has become an effective and non-invasive anti-tumor therapy for deep tumors.It can enhance the efficacies of chemotherapy,gene therapy,immunotherapy,and anti-angiogenic therapy by improving cell membrane permeability and destroying tumor neovasculature.It can be applied to sonodynamic therapy and realize multimodal synergistic therapy on the basis of nanoparticles,which increases the anti-tumor efficiency and offers a promising target therapy for tumors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media , Genetic Therapy , Microbubbles , Neoplasms , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Malignant tumor has become an urgent threat to global public healthcare. Because of the heterogeneity of tumor, single therapy presents great limitations while synergistic therapy is arousing much attention, which shows desperate need of intelligent carrier for co-delivery. A core‒shell dual metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) system was delicately designed in this study, which not only possessed the unique properties of both materials, but also provided two individual specific functional zones for co-drug delivery. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were stepwisely encapsulated into the nanopores of MIL-88 core and ZIF-8 shell to construct a synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy nanoplatform. Except for efficient drug delivery, the MIL-88 could be functioned as a nanomotor to convert the excessive hydrogen peroxide at tumor microenvironment into adequate oxygen for photodynamic therapy. The DOX release from MIL-88-ICG@ZIF-8-DOX nanoparticles was triggered at tumor acidic microenvironment and further accelerated by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The